Purpose of the study is to determine factors influencing transaction costs on the sharing economy. The article examines the evolution of the fundamental concept of economic theory – transaction costs, under the influence of the expansion of sharing economy. The sharing economy appears to be the result of the further development of the consumption economy, since within the framework of this economic system, the quality of the services provided is improving. The scientific novelty lies in the clarification of the mechanism (...) of mutual development of both the sharing economy and transaction costs. As a result, the importance of the factor of massive use of the Internet and mobile devices by a huge number of people, as influencing the service provision market, was revealed. At the same time, there is no need to overcome various barriers, and entrepreneurs have the opportunity to sell not so much reductions in production costs, but rather a reduction in transaction costs. (shrink)

In this paper we portray the epistemological proposals of Descartes, Spinoza and Bateson as epistemological reforms that imply deep transformations in the way human beings are and behave in the world by changing their habits. We also suggest that rejecting the theological explanation and understanding of human beings as part of a systemic whole, as proposed by Bateson and Spinoza, is required in order to face the current environmental crisis.

Pese a la ausencia de una filosofía formalmente política en Zubiri, descubrimos en su pensamiento el esbozo de una protopolítica a partir de una protofilosofía del poder. Los dinamismos mas propios de la historia no son potencias ni poderes naturalmente emergentes, sino poderes opcionalmente posibilitantes. Este poder de las posibilidades es un concepto arraigado en la metafísica zubiriana que, en sus diversas vertientes, permite comprender también el dinamismo político como potestativo.

Why is man religious? To this fundamental question Paul Tillich and Xavier Zubiri respond similarly. However, they did not know each other personally and apparently neitherread the works of the other. The coincidence in their positions is without a doubt owing tothe influence that Martin Heidegger exercised on their thought. First, both defend themethod of correlation, according to which it is not possible to give answers to questionsthat nobody asks. Second, every question is born of a previous human experience thatmakes (...) it possible and that gives it meaning. Granting this, in the case of the questionabout God, what is that previous experience? For Tillich it is nothing other than that “thedimension of depth” in which we are confronted with “that which concerns us unconditionally,” whether we call it “God” or not. For Zubiri, this fundamental experience stems fromthe fact of “religation to a power of the real which is ultimate, possibilitating, and impelling.” From this fundamental experience is born the concern for the ultimate ground of ourexistence and the possible answers, which are none other that the diverse religions thatthere have been throughout history, including other apparently irreligious forms of life suchas atheism, agnosticism and the present-day indifference to religion.¿Por qué es religioso el hombre? A esta pregunta fundamental responden de maneraparecida Paul Tillich y Xavier Zubiri. Sin embargo, no se conocieron personalmente y alparecer ninguno leyó las obras del otro. La coincidencia en sus planteamientos se debensin duda a la influencia que M. Heidegger ejerció sobre el pensamiento de ambos. En primer lugar, los dos defienden el método de la correlación, según el cual no se pueden ofrecerrespuestas a preguntas que nadie se hace. Y, en segundo lugar, toda pregunta nace deuna previa experiencia humana que la hace posible y le da sentido. Esto supuesto, en elcaso de la pregunta por Dios, ¿cuál es esa previa experiencia? Para Paul Tillich no es otraque “la dimensión profunda” en la que nos encontramos enfrentados a “aquello que nosconcierne incondicionalmente,” lo llamémoslo o no Dios. Para Zubiri dicha experiencia fundamental tiene lugar en el hecho de la “religación al poder último, posibilitante e impelentede lo real”. De esta experiencia fundamental nace la preocupación por el fundamento último de nuestra existencia y las posibles respuestas, que no son otras que la diversas religiones que en la historia han sido e incuso otras formas de vida al parecer irreligiosas comoel ateísmo, el agnosticismo y la indiferencia actual. (shrink)

This text, a product of an investigation supported by the Universidad de La Salle entitled “Ecocrítica y Literatura: Aproximación a María y La Vorágine”, is a reflection upon the method (or metamethod) of ecocriticism, that is, literary criticism from ecological values, which uses the work of the aforementioned investigation as an example and object of analysis. The problem is examined from the perspective of a reconciliation between the humanities and the biological sciences. Finally, some pedagogical advantages of ecocriticism are outlined.

Human beings have physical and psychological limits, but also ethical, which are precisely what make their actions human. These ethical limits enable any debate and investigation, in particular, with human beings. Therefore, any investigation would be unfeasi- ble without those limits. We talk about ethical limits, not in the sense of impediment but in the sense of possibility for action; you can only speak of ethical limits if you af rm a truth that is valid for everyone and for all (...) times, regardless of oneself. We are witnessing a true progress as long as a research is carried out for the bene t of human beings. That’s right; you can only speak of progress if it is understood in a growth in humanity. (shrink)

Este artículo ofrece una exégesis de la conversación que Sócrates conduce con Céfalo y Polemarco en el libro I de la República en torno a la adecuada definición de la justicia. En el curso de esta conversación emergen gradualmente algunos ingredientes definitorios que por su básico carácter estructural se insinúan como constituyentes de obligatoria inclusión en cualquier tentativa auspiciosa de definición de la justicia. La aparición de estos ingredientes en el curso de la conversación se encuentra entreverada con la de (...) otros componentes más notorios para el lector cuanto más controvertibles. El artículo se propone un escrutinio de los primeros más que un análisis de estos últimos. No se concentra en el correspondiente estudio de las refutaciones a las que Sócrates somete finalmente la definición de la justicia de Polemarco. La interpretación que aquí se ofrece opta, así, por un énfasis algo inusual en las interpretaciones de esta primera parte del libro I de la República. Palabras clave: República; Justicia; Poder; Céfalo; PolemarcoThis paper offers an exegesis on the conversation led by Socrates with Cephalus and Polemarchus in Republic’s book I, on the adequate definition of justice. In the course of that conversation some defining elements gradually emerge. Because of their structural character, they display themselves as constituents which cannot be overlooked in any auspicious attempt to define justice. The emergence of these ingredients in the course of the conversation is intertwined with that of other components, the more controversial they are, the more noteworthy they turn out to be. The paper intends to scrutinize the former rather than analyze the latter. It does not focus on the corresponding study of Socrates’ refutations on Polemarchus’ definition of justice. The interpretationoffered here opts, thus, for a somewhat unusual emphasis on the interpretations of this first part of Republic’s book I. Keywords: Republic; Justice; Power; Cephalus; Polemarchus. (shrink)

This book examines "Taylorean social theory," its sources, main characteristics and impact. Charles Taylor's meta-narrative of secularization in the West, prominently contained in his major work A Secular Age (2007), has brought new insight on the social and cultural factors that intervened in such process, the role of human agency, and particularly on the contemporary conditions of belief in North America and Europe. This study discusses what Taylor's approach has brought to the scholarly debate on Western secularization, which has been (...) carried on mostly in sociological terms. McKenzie interprets Taylor's views in a way that offers an original social theory. Such interpretation is possible with the help of sociologist Margaret Archer's "morphogenetic theory" and by making the most of Taylor's particular understanding of the method of the social sciences and of his philosophical views on human beings, knowledge and modernity. After exploring the philosophical and sociological sources informing Taylorean social theory and proposing its basic concepts and hermeneutic guidelines, the author compares it with two widespread theories of secularization: the now waning "orthodox" account and that proposed by Rational Choice Theory scholars, particularly prevalent in the United States. In doing so, the book shows in which ways Taylorean social theory supersedes them, what new issues it brings into the scholarly discussion, and what difficulties might limit its future development. (shrink)

Knowledge and Ignorance of Self in Platonic Philosophy is the first volume of essays dedicated to the whole question of self-knowledge and its role in Platonic philosophy. It brings together established and rising scholars from every interpretative school of Plato studies, and a variety of texts from across Plato's corpus - including the classic discussions of self-knowledge in the Charmides and Alcibiades I, and dialogues such as the Republic, Theaetetus, and Theages, which are not often enough mined for insights about (...) this crucial philosophical topic. The rich variety of readings and hermeneutical methods allows for an encompassing view of the relevant scholarly debates. The volume is intended to serve as a standard resource for further research on Plato's treatment of self-knowledge, and will highlight the relevance of Plato's thought to contemporary debates on selfhood, self-reflection and subjectivity. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано основні цілі розвитку тисячоліття та завдання, які необхідно виконати для їх досягнення. Акцентовано на важливості людського фактора у світовому розвитку. Висвітлено основні проблеми людського розвитку в сучасних умовах. Проведено аналіз та обґрунтовано вплив глобалізації на появу нових тенденцій у людському розвитку. Окреслено напрями забезпечення людського розвитку в майбутньому.

El objetivo del presente escrito es doble. Por una parte, presentar y analizar la definición de determinismo clásico para sistemas cerrados desarrollada por van Fraassen. Por la otra, mostrar cierto tipo de fecundidad conceptual por parte del enfoque de espacio-de-estados, defendido por van Fraassen, frente al enfoque estructuralista -aunque ambos enfoques comparten una concepción semántica de las teorías empíricas- al arrojar nueva luz sobre un problema conceptual clásico y aún actual en la filosofía de la física: el determinismo.

Se busca rastrear la imagen que Platón tiene de Heráclito y articularla con la estructura argumentativa del Cratilo, para comprender las necesidades textuales a las que responde la doctrina del flujo perpetuo, es decir, la discusión sobre la corrección (ὀρθότης) del nombre. Gracias a la inclusión del testimonio heraclíteo, resulta posible rastrear la presunta consolidación de la tesis sobre los nombres primarios y los secundarios como el eje de la separación entre dos planos de realidad (uno estable y uno móvil) (...) y de la teoría de las Ideas -es decir, como la base de la epistemología platónica presente en los diálogos de madurez-. The article seeks to trace the image Plato has of Heraclitus and connect it with the argumentative structure of the Cratylus in order to understand the textual needs that give rise to the doctrine of perpetual flux, that is, the discussion regarding the correctness (ὀρθότης) of names. The inclusion of Heraclitus's testimony makes it possible to trace the alleged consolidation of the thesis regarding primary and secondary names as the axis of separation between two levels of reality (one stable, the other, changing) and the theory of Ideas -that is, as the basis of Plato's epistemology as set forth in the late dialogues-. (shrink)

RESUMEN Según Furio Jesi y Giorgio Agamben, la máquina antropológica es un dispositivo histórico que produce imágenes del hombre. En este artículo nos proponemos retomar esta categoría y mostrar que existen dos grandes modelos de máquina según la naturaleza de la imagen generada: la máquina teológica-bíblica, que funciona hasta el siglo XIX y que produce al hombre como ícono; la máquina ateológica, posterior a la muerte de Dios, que produce al hombre como fantasma. ABSTRACT According to Furio Jesi and Giorgio (...) Agamben, the anthropological machine is a historical dispositive that produces images of man. This paper aims at returning to this category and demonstrating that two models of the machine can be found depending on the nature of the image produced: the theological-biblical machine that operates until 19th century and that produces man as icon, and the a-theological machine, after disappearance of God, that produces man as phantasm. (shrink)

In this paper we propose the exam of one of the key points in the work of Cornelius Castoriadis: autonomy, as individual and collective project. Our purpose is to review the development in his view of the subject that motorizes social transformation. For this, we start from Castoriadis' critics to the role that Marxist theory assigns to the proletariat as a revolutionary class to reach an idea of human subjectivity with reflection and deliberation capacities. We will highlight the contributions of (...) the Freudian psychoanalytic perspective in this conception, as well as the distances with the Marxist perspectives than think the transformation of the individual as an awareness process. (shrink)